There are four basic movements that can be applied to a bellows. These are Axial, Lateral, Angular and Torsional as illustrated below. Bellows behave like springs in a piping system. When they are compressed, they resist the movement the same as a spring would. The spring rate of a bellows is entirely dependent on bellows geometry and material properties.
Axial movement is the change in dimensional length of the bellows from its free length in a direction parallel to its longitudinal axis.
Axial Movement
Angular movement is the rotational displacement of the longitudinal axis of the bellows toward a point of rotation.
Angular Movement
Lateral movement is the relative displacement of one end of the bellows to the other end in a direction perpendicular to its longitudinal axis (shear).
Lateral Movement
Torsional movement is the rotation about the axis through the center of a bellows (twisting). EJS DISCOURAGES ANY TORSIONAL ROTATION OF METAL BELLOWS EXPANSION JOINTS. Torsion destabilizes an expansion joint reducing its ability to contain pressure and absorb movement.
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